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SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF EKMAN PUMPING IN THE BLACK SEA BASED ON ERA-INTERIM REANALYSIS
Abstract
Seasonal and interannual variability of the Ekman pumping velocity in the Black Sea is studied based on ERA-Interim reanalysis data of 10 m wind speed for the period 1979?2015. Upward Ekman pumping prevails in the annual cycle due to the predominance of the cyclonic wind curl over the Black Sea. The maximum upward Ekman pumping occurs in winter. In June, the basin averaged pumping velocity is directed downwards. The magnitude and spatial distribution of the Ekman pumping velocity depends on the direction of the wind prevailing over the sea. Monthly basin-averaged Ekman pumping is positive during the events with the north-westerly, northerly and northeastern winds and negative during the south, southwesterly and westerly winds. The frequency of the wind direction affects on the spatial distribution of the seasonal fields of Ekman pumping. The greatest positive values of Ekman pumping locate in the eastern part of the sea due to the prevalence of the north and northeast winds throughout the year. The pattern of interannual variability of Ekman pumping is different at different seasons. Extreme values of the positive pumping velocity exceed the average values by an order of magnitude. They correspond to the events with a strong wind during of the synoptic cyclones passage over the sea.
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References15
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