Scholarly record
DIFFERENT TYPES OR MANURE AMENDED TO SOIL VARY IN EFFECT ON PH AND AMMONIA OXIDIZING BACTERIA
Abstract
Application of organic fertilizers greatly affects soil quality and consequently plant health. Short-term application of manure may increase soil reaction. The possible mechanism is microbial decarboxylation of calcium-organic matter complex leading to the release and subsequent hydrolysis of calcium ions. It also affects the intake of chemical substances. The effect may vary among different types and origin of manures and their composition. On the contrary, nitrification is the process with the opposite effect on the soil reaction ? the bacterial transformation of soil ammonium results in soil acidification. In our paper, we focus on the influence of the application of different types of manure on the soil reaction and the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, as parameter for valuation of ammonium utilization. The effect of following combinations of manures and inorganic fertilizers were studied in the field experiment: 1) control - NPK only, 2) cattle manure + NPK, 3) swine manure + NPK, 4) poultry manure + NPK. The experiment was carried out in the Czech Republic on soil type chernozem at an altitude of about 220 m a. s. 1. The subject of our interest was an orchard (0-30 cm). The experiment was conducted in 2014 - 2017. In topsoil, the 4-year-application of any variant - 2) to 4) - of manure and inorganic fertilizer significantly increased soil pH compared to the values at the beginning of the experiment, whereas the application of only NPK ? 1) - decreased final soil pH. Different types of manure combined with inorganic fertilizer lead to different increase in soil pH and concurrently to different final values of soil ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). pH values estimated for variants 2) ? 4) negatively correlated with the AOB abundance (calculated as copies of amoA gene per gram of dry soil). Probably, the increase of soil reaction due to manure application is antagonized by enhancement of acidifying nitrification process. This beneficial effect on soil pH and abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria seems to be strongest for variant 4) - poultry manure + NPK.
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