Scholarly record

OBTAINING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF WOOD-MINERAL COMPOSITES

V. E. Danilov

Abstract

This work is devoted to obtaining and characterization of wood-mineral composites based on wood debarking waste and basalt screenings, which have improved ecological,strength, sound and heat insulation properties. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the regularities of the process of spontaneous filling of the porous space of the wood matrix with mineral fine particles due to the capillary forces of plant raw materials were established; simulation models of the structure and functional properties of the wood-mineral composite on the basis of studying the regularities of the influence of the fractional composition and the quantitative ratio of wood filler to its physicomechanical and thermophysical properties were constructed; a method for obtaining a construction composite material based on a mixture of coarse wood aggregate and a fine dispersible cementless mineral binder, as well as methods for imparting a specified set of strength and performance properties to a construction composite, including for use in extreme North conditions, was developed; technological foundations for the production of wood-mineral composite in the form of heat and sound insulation blocks and plates were developed. The methodological basis of the study is the main provisions of the polystructural theory of composite materials, the thermodynamics of surface phenomena and methods of mathematical statistics. To solve the set tasks, the concept of the system approach is applied, in which the composition, properties and structure of the composites are presented in the form of an interconnected system. Microscopic analysis,X-ray phase analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and photon correlation spectroscopy were used to study the structural features of raw materials and synthesized materials, to evaluate their phase composition, and also to identify the samples. Methods of mechanical dispersion were used to produce nano- and fine-dispersed materials. Therealization of the method for obtaining wood-mineral composite material is based on the spontaneous wooden bark reinforcement by nanodispersed basalt particles when it swells in an aqueous medium, taking into account the surface properties of the bark and basalt (electrokinetic potential, porous space, the presence of active centers, etc.);separation of the solid phase from the reaction slurry; Adding a binder based on a mixture of finely dispersed basalt and polysilicate systems synthesized by sol-gel technology from silica-containing raw material (polymineral sand), followed by molding the semi-finished product and drying it.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/6.1/s24.047

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