Scholarly record

THE ESTIMATION OF PERTURBANCE FACTORS INFLUENCE ON VEGETATION IN THE REPUBLIC TYVA TERRITORY

Х. Б. Куулар

Abstract

Region forests grow on northern macroslopes of ridges from bottom to high- mountainous tundra. The forest plays important role in region ecology and in the Siberia territory as a whole. The influence of vegetation fires is the most important factor of reduction of boreal region forests. Fire activity is rising basically because of the human influence. During 35 years (1959-1994) about 33594.8 ha destroyed by wildfires. In 1995-2005 about 546088.6, ha had been destroyed by wildfires. During the period of 1999-2008 116 fires was registered on the area of 376313 ha in territory of Tyva. Fires as the phenomena exist thanks to variation of weather from climatic norms. Especially long drought periods are critically important in process of wildfire activity formation. Ligtning of dry thunder-storms are the major natural cause of forest fire occurrence. Thunder-storms are cause of 20–30 % of total fires. Increasing of quantity of fire number that caused by dry thunder-storms, proba bly, is the result of global factor as climate warming. The increasing of spring and summer temperat ures is observed in southern part of Region (meteorological station Chadaana) according to the Hydrometeorological Center of Republic Tyva data. Average warming in during 1979-2000 years in April was 1.6º C, and in summer — 2ºC. Increase of aver age temperatures in summer and in spring months and humidity increasing are the most important factors which should lead to expansion of borders of dark coniferous fo rest altitude zone comp lex, especially to expansion of an area of a cedar at the botto m and top borders of its growth. Essential changes of forest was exposed on northern macroslopes within 1500–2000 m a.s.l., there they almost are completely covered by lichen. Geoinformation technologies ar e the tool of the analysis, estimation and monitoring of boreal forests in Region. The regional geoinformation system is produced in collaboration with V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk) to complex analysis of the factors de termine fire-dangerous cond ition of forests depending on ecological, anthropogenic and weather factor s. Databases of monitoring of various levels (on-ground and satellite) will the base of uniform architecture of information layers for fire-prevention monitoring.

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