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DETERMINING BURRIED REMAINS UNDER THE ALA GATE ROAD OF ANAVARZA ANCIENT CITY IN THE SOUTHERN OF TURKEY WITH INTERACTIVE TRANSPARENT 3D GPR DATA IMAGING
Abstract
Anavarza (Anazarvus) ancient city has been established on an area of 143,000 m2 with a castle, stadium, ancient theater, mosaics, bathes, churches, gates of victory, aqueducts and stone graves. It is the largest ancient city in Anatolia. Anavarza City of Antiquity is situated near Dilekkaya village of the Kozan County, and it is approximately 70 kilometres to Adana city centre (Turkey). The history of the Anavarza goes back to 2100 years, and it has became the capital of Cilicia in 408. Archaeological excavations in the ancient city Anavarza in the southern province of Adana?s Kozan district are continuing on a 30-35 meter-wide cobblestone road. The aim of the study is to discover the buried archaeological remains along the Colonnaded Street of Ala Gate of Anavarza city using interactive transparent 2D/3D GPR data visualization, and also develop visualization quality removing clutter effects with applying to predictive deconvolution. We used 250 MHz shielded antenna with a Ramac CU II GPR system. Size of the area was about 276x14m. We had 277 profiles spaced 1.0 m apart. Start time correction, de-wow and background removal were applied to all of the profiles. Amplitude attenuations were balanced using our gain approximation and the second-order band-pass Butterworth filter was applied. After velocity analysis by matching with diffraction patterns throughout the profiles, the mean velocity of the electromagnetic (EM) wave was determined by averaging as 0.1 m/ns. Then predictive deconvolution was applied to remove vertical noise which are clutter effect of cobblestone and tail of the source wavelet. We indicated 2D processed radargrams and their interactive 3D half bird?s eye views of the depth slices of the GPR profile data set including 277 profiles. The results of the 2D profile sections and interactive 3D time slices indicated that the deconvolved data was cleaned from the source wavelet multiples and revealed the buried important archaeological structures.
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