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INSTRUMENTAL MONITORING OF THE STATE OF LEDGES AND BERM SIDES OF DEEP KIMBERLITE QUARRIES
Abstract
The need to take into account the temperature regime as one of the main factors determining the stability of natural and artificial slopes in the permafrost zone is caused by the dependence of the strength properties of rocks on their temperature. In the frozen state, almost all rocks have a high bearing capacity, providing the ability to select effective open-cast mining parameters based on technological requirements. Mining operations violate the thermal regime of rocks in the instrument part of the quarries. As a result, a change occurs in the natural temperature field of rocks, therefore, the thermomechanical state of the rocks changes, which leads to a decrease in the strength properties of rocks. Conducted over a long period of monitoring the thermal regime at the Udachny quarry, made it possible to establish the terms and parameters of thawing arrays of ledges on the sides of various exposures, to determine the numerical values of the temperature of the rock masses, the boundaries and thickness of the active layer at any time. The article analyzes the results of field studies and the dynamics of the development of technical means and a monitoring system for the state of stability of benches from permafrost massifs and berms of deep kimberlite quarries over a significant time period. In addition to regular visual field observations of various deformation manifestations on the sides of various exposures of the Udachny quarry, measurements were taken over a number of years to trigger the upper edge on the berms of the experimental plots, long-term temperature measurements and instrumental monitoring of the displacement of miter cracks in potentially dangerous sections. For the further development of a system for remote monitoring of deep pits, the use of new generation technical means and instruments based on laser scanners is proposed. According to long-term observations, during transitional periods of changes in the direction of movement of cracks in the indicated local and adjacent sections of the massif, activation of deformation manifestations of various types, such as the formation of new cracks, chips, outfalls, etc., was noted. It has been established that effective monitoring of these surface deformation manifestations is possible, for example, using remote monitoring devices, in particular using laser scanning systems.
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