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THE POSSIBILITY OF USING DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES OF ASH RECYCLING RESULTING FROM ENERGY PRODUCTION IN UNDERGROUND MINING EXCAVATIONS.
Abstract
In the power plants where coal combustion is used to produce electricity and heat, solid combustion products are produced, i.e. furnace waste (ashes and slags) and waste from waste gas extraction. The amount of ash or slag depends on the quality of the coal and the ash content. To get 1 kWh of electricity it is produced from 60 to 200 g of waste. Only in 1989 in Poland, the energy industry produced 23.8 million Mg of waste. Only 4 million Mg of these waste (in the building materials industry) was used, while 19.8 million Mg was located in landfills, occupying a total area of 3100 ha. In addition to space occupied, such landfills have significant negative environmental impacts. It is told here about the degradation of the landscape as well as the adverse impact of such landfill environment and in particular on groundwater and surface water, by their pollution. Firewood waste also adversely affect the atmosphere through the phenomena known as dusting of landfills. A strong wind causes the ash particles to move at long distances, thereby polluting the air in dusting areas of landfills. Nowadays, power plants are facing increasing problems with obtaining new landfill sites, so it seems obvious the need to seek new opportunities for the use or recovery of energy waste. To solve this problem, various technologies are created which enable the energy industry to use this waste as a raw material in the recovery process. The fields of industry where the use of waste has the largest share include: geotechnics, construction, and in some cases even agriculture or the plastics industry. In 1995, the amount of energy waste deposited on landfills decreased to 7.7 million Mg (from the mentioned 23.8 million Mg in 1989). Undoubtedly, the reduction in the amount of ash and slag formation was also influenced by other factors, which are for granted the greatest in the use of waste utilization technologies in the recovery process. In the years 2002 and 2003 in the mining industry there were used in the recovery of respectively 2.7 and 2.9 min Mg of ash from the power industry. In 2010 the Polish industry produced 4 million Mg fly ash from coal, of which 89,3% was recovered and most importantly only 0.2% was deposited on surface dumps. It is also worth noting that only 4.6% was intended for temporary storage. The increase in the use of waste from power plants has a significant impact on the management of increasingly simpler and cheaper technologies for the recovery of furnace waste in mining excavations as well as the useful properties of blended waste produced. In mining, due to special technologies, energy waste is used most often for fire prevention, rock reinforcement, backfilling of unnecessary excavations or rock sealing. This article discusses one of the technologies used in underground mining plants. The aim of the study was to select the components of ash-cement-water mixtures.
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