Scholarly record
IMPACT OF SALINITY ON THE CONSISTENCY LIMITS OF CLAYEY SOILS
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution originating e.g. from waste landfills can migrate into the ground and significantly change its properties. Moreover, the interaction between soil and pollutants may change soil behavior as well as cause geotechnical problems. The aim of the study was the assessment of the impact caused by inorganic contaminants on consistency limits (plastic limit and liquid limit) of fine-grained soils. Laboratory tests were carried out on bentonite, kaolin and clay using KCl, MgCl2 and NaCl solutions. The concentrations of soluble salts were at 0.1 mol/L, 1 mol/L and 2 mol/L. Laboratory test results have shown that due to chemical interaction, the Atterberg limits of fine-grained soils had changed. The highest changes in the liquid and plastic limits were observed for bentonite. The contact of bentonite with 0.1M KCl and NaCl solutions resulted in the increase of the liquid limit values from the value determined for distilled water. A further increase of salt concentration resulted in the decrease of the liquid limit below the original value. MgCl2 caused a decrease of the liquid limit with increasing salt concentration. For all chemicals, the plastic limit values decreased from the original value. By adding NaCl and KCl, the liquid and plastic limits of clayey soil increased from their original values. The contact of clay with MgCl2 solutions increased the liquid limit from the original value, with the greatest effect observed for the lowest salt concentration. The plastic limit values did not change significantly during the contact of clayey soil with saline solutions. Moreover, no trend was observed in the liquid limit and the plastic limit values of kaolin under the influence of the analyzed salts. In conclusion, the study has shown that the impact of inorganic salts on clay and kaolin was less than that on bentonite.
Publication Impact Profile
Publication details
References15
Xue Q., Li J.-S., Liu L., Experimental study on anti-seepage grout made of leachate contaminated clay in landfill, Applied Clay Science, vol. 80–81, pp 438-442, 2013.
Koda E., Osiński P., Sieczka A., Wychowaniak D., Areal distribution of ammonium contamination of soil-water environment in the vicinity of old municipal landfill site with vertical barrier, Water, vol. 7/issue 6, pp 2656-2672, 2015.
Arasan S., Yetimoglu T., Effect of inorganic salt solutions on the consistency limits of two clays, Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, vol. 01/issue 32, pp 107-115, 2008.
Gorakhki M.H., Bareither C.A., Salinity effects on sedimentation behavior of kaolin, bentonite, and soda ash mine tailings, Applied Clay Science, vol. 114, pp 593-602, 2015.
Mansouri H., Ajalloeian R., Sadeghpour A.H., The investigation of salinity effects on behavioral parameters of fine-grained soils, Seventh International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, USA, 2013, pp 1-10.
Arasan S., Effect of chemicals on geotechnical properties of clay liners: a review. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, vol. 2/issue 8, pp 765-775, 2010.
Ridlo A., Ohtsubo M., Higashi T., Kanayama M., Tanaka M., Effects of pore water salinity on the liquid limit of Mexico City clay and the swelling characteristics of its constituent minerals, Clay Science, vol. 16/issue 4, pp 105-110, 2012.
Sieczka A., Laboratory tests of dispersivity and swelling of selected bentonites used as isolation barriers of engineering structures, Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Architectura, vol. 14/issue 4, pp 61–73, 2015.
Sridharan A., El-Shafei A., Miura N., Mechanisms controlling the undrained strength behavior of remolded Ariake Marine clays, Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, vol. 20, pp 21-50, 2002.
Spagnoli G., Sridharan A., Oreste P., Di Matteo L., A probabilistic approach for the assessment of the influence of the dielectric constant of pore fluids on the liquid limit of smectite and kaolinite, Applied Clay Science, vol. 145, pp 37-43, 2017.
Kolstadt D.C., Benson C.H., Edil T.B., Hydraulic conductivity and swell of nonprehydrated geosynthetic clay liners permeated with multispecies inorganic solutions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 130/issue 12, pp 1236-1249, 2004.
Chavali R.V.P., Vindula S.K., Ponnapuressy H.P.R., Babu A., Pillai R.J., Swelling behavior of kaolinitic clays contaminated with alkali solutions: A micro-level study, Applied Clay Science, vol. 135, pp 575-582, 2017.
Arasan S., Akbulut R.K., Yetimoglu T., Yilmaz G., Swelling pressure of compacted clay liners contaminated with inorganic salt solutions, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, vol. 16/issue 4, pp 401-409, 2010.
Shariatmadari N., Salami M., Fard M.K., Effect of inorganic salt solutions on some geotechnical properties of soil-bentonite mixtures as barriers, International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol., 9/issue 2, pp 103-110, 2011.
Soumya M.D., Sudha A.R., A study on the effect of chemicals on the geotechnical properties of bentonite and bentonite-sand mixtures as clay liners, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, vol. 5/issue 9, pp 660-666, 2016.
View or Download full articleAccess options
SWS access login
Login as SWS Scientific CommitteeLogin as SWS Scientific PartnerLogin as SWS AuthorAuthors and approved SWS contributors will read and export their own linked papers after identity matching by SWS profile, email and SGEM GlobalID.
For librarian assistance: [email protected]
Purchase Instant Access
- Article can be downloaded after successful payment.
- Article may be used according to SWS library access terms.
- Article cannot be redistributed.
