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COPPER AND ZINC FRACTIONAL DISTRIBUTION IN CHERNOZEM HAPLIC UNDER MODEL EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS
Abstract
The uncertainty of methods for determining the heavy metal compounds, as well as problems in the comparison of the methods used, require further studies in this field. The aim of research is to study the fractional composition of Cu and Zn compounds in soil under model contamination conditions using different fractional methods. Chernozem Haplic was artificially contaminated with Cu and Zn acetates at rate of 300 mg kg ?1. Distribution of Cu forms in soil at the use of sequential fractionation by the Miller method modified by Berti and Jacobs (1996) and the Tessier method (Tessier et al. 1979) are revealed. General regularities in the distribution of Zn and Cu compounds in unpolluted and polluted soils have been established by two sequential fractionation methods. The content of Cu, Zn in the first two most mobile fractions is low. In uncontaminated soil exchangeable and bound to carbonates metals are 3-4% and are represented mainly by the compounds of the metals held by the carbonates. A significant increase in the exchangeable fraction of Cu amounted to 2 times (from 0,5-1% of the sum of fractions in uncontaminated soil to 1-2% in contaminated soil) and of Zn to 3-4 times (from 1% to 3-4%). The contaminated soil is characterized by accumulation of Cu and Zn in fractions associated with Fe-Mn oxides and organic matter. The role of organic matter in ?u accumulation is highest (up to 28-36%). Zn is characterized by affinity to Fe-Mn oxides (up to 26-39%). The differences of Cu and Zn compounds are related to the metal affinity for soil phases, as well as to the selectivity and extraction capacity of the reagents used in methods. The Miller method allows better tracing the heavy metal fractions loosely bound to the soil because of the use of weaker extractants with high complexing capacity, which hampers the reprecipitation of metals from the extract. The Tessier method is more suitable for the separation of the total anthropogenic component from contaminated soils. This is related to the higher extraction capacity of reagents used in the Tessier method.
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