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REGENERATION AND REUSE OF NATURAL ZEOLITE FOR AMMONIUM REMOVAL
Abstract
Natural zeolites are able to remove lower concentrations of contaminants present in groundwater and drinking water through ion-exchange process. The main objectives of this work were: (1) to determine the efficiency of different types of regenerants: NaOH 0.5 M, NaCl 0.5 M, NaClO 0.5 M and NaClO:NaCl (1:1) 0.5 M; (2) to investigate the effect of initial pH (5.7 - 11.7) and molarity (0.5 - 1 M) of the regenerants; and (3) to determine the removal capacity of natural zeolite for ammonium removal after ten (10) sorption-desorption cycles. The batch sorption experiments were conducted at room temperature using 3 g of natural zeolite (from Chilioara, Romania) of 0.5 - 1.25 mm particle size for ammonium removal (30 mg/L initial concentration). The obtained results showed a rapid desorption of ammonium ions using NaOH and NaCl, and a slower desorption using NaClO and NaClO:NaCl (1:1) as regenerants. High desorption efficiencies for ammonium removal were obtained using NaCl 1 M (87.5 %) and NaOH 0.75 M (80.4 %), respectively. A maximum efficiency of 92.3% was obtained after the first sorption cycle, then the efficiency decreased in the following three cycles. During the last four cycles of sorption an efficiency of 88 - 89 % was obtained. Based on the obtained results it has been concluded that the natural zeolite presents good performance for ammonium removal after several sorption-desorption cycles suggesting the durability of the natural zeolites from Chilioara, Romania. The present work offers a useful approach for improving wastewater treatment processes, technology and infrastructure.
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