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THE INDOOCEAN DIPOLE SIGNATURE IN EUROPEAN SUMMERTIME SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE FIELDS
Abstract
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) signature in European summertime surface air temperature (SAT) and sea level pressure (SLP) fields were investigated in this study. The SAT and SLP anomalies of the surface fields over the European region associated with the IOD variability are described based on the results of experiments with atmospheric general circulation model and re-analysis data. It is shown that the prevalent positive significant SAT/SLP anomaly tends to form over Central/Eastern Europe in the negative phase of the IOD events. That accompanied by weak and insignificant negative SAT/SLP anomalies in July-August over Western Europe. The opposite anomalies in sign have appeared in the positive IOD phase. The ensemble simulation gave evidence that the European summertime atmospheric response carries the nonlinear effect on stepping up the values of SST IOD anomalies in the Indian Ocean. The composite difference between the negative and positive phases of the IOD, constructed based on the re-analysis of 20CR data, generally confirms the described simulation results of the ensemble climate model for the SAT/SLP fields. However, it can be only noted a slight shift toward the east of the European region in 20CR re-analysis data compared with the simulation. In addition, the amplitude of the obtained pattern based on 20CR re-analysis has 2-3 times high values than in the simulations. It might have resulted from the low 20CR re-analysis cases with pure IOD years in the last century, when the other oscillations (North Atlantic oscillation, El Nino-Southern oscillation and others) are in the neutral phase.
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