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CRITICAL ELEMENTS IN SEQUENTIAL LEACHED PHASES FROM DEEP-SEA POLYMETALLIC NODULES AND SEDIMENTS
Abstract
The deep-sea metalliferous sediments and Fe-Mn polymetallic nodules formed in modern environment at the deep-sea ocean floor (> 4000 m depth) were evaluated as promising new raw materials, especially for critical elements as Li, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and rare earth elements (REE). We use - selective sequential leaching procedure to study the distribution of main and trace elements in sequential leached phases from deep-sea polymetallic nodules and sediments from the eastern part of the Clarion-Clipperton fractures zone, NE Pacific. Results show extraction of Mn in the leach 2 in both nodules and sediments. Cobalt, Ni, Cu, Zn have similar behavior because these elements are preferentially incorporated into MnO2 phases. The extraction of Fe, K, P and most of trace elements is different for leach 2, 3 and residual fraction for nodules and sediments. Partially extraction of Fe in leach 2 and the extraction of P from sediments in leach 2 attests to the presence of FeOOH and authigenic fine-grained phosphate component (apatite) which are intergrown with the Mn oxyhydroxides. The second group of elements (Al, Fe, Ti, K, Rb, V, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sb, W, Ba, U) represents a detrital (illite, kaolinite, chlorite, andesine, zircon, rutile) and authigenic (barite) composition and has higher content in the residual fraction in sediments. Part of these elements (Zr, Nb, Mo, U) as well as Sc, Y and REE have strong positive correlation with phosphorous and form the third group of elements which is bound in the authigenic apatite. The results will reveal the main factors that control the trace element concentration in both polymetallic nodules and sediments and help future extraction of these raw materials.
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