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SOIL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN THE RED DATA SOIL BOOK OF RUSSIA
Abstract
In the Russian Federation, in the protection of the natural and archaeological heritage, work on the creation of the Red Book of Soils of Russia and the Red Book of Soils of the Subjects of the Russian Federation have been conducted. To date, the publication of Red Books of Soils has been completed in about 10% of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Groups of Soil Scientists discovered and studied the soils for regional Red Soil books in Volgograd (Kretinin, et al., 2006), Leningrad (Aparin et al., 2007), Belgorod (Solovichenko et al, 2007), Orenburg (Clement and al., 2001 ) regions, Perm Krai (Eremchenko and others, 2010), as well as in the republics of Tatarstan (Alexandrova et al., 2012) and Kalmykia (Tashninova, 2000). Among these works the category value of land, as "the soil of archaeological monuments", is not represented. But in the main Red Book of Soils of Russia, according to our proposal, the soil of 16 archaeological sites on the Chelyabinsk region in the Southern Urals was included. All these sites have buried soils under the ramparts of ancient fortified settlements of the Middle Bronze Age, united under the name "Country of Cities", where is the most widely known fortified settlement Arkaim. The most valuable sites for the Red Book, we consider the watershed with the zonal vegetation as basic standards. The concept of basic, local, rare and complex soil standards proposed by Kliment'ev (2001) is the most correct terminology for the creation of Red Books of Soil in the Russian Federation, as opposed to the concept of Aparin (2007). The presence of an archaeological monument on a plakor site sharply increases the scientific value of such a site for the Red Book of Soils. The reason for the high scientific value is the possibility of constructing chrono sequence of soils and studying the previous stages of landscape formation. In addition, we propose to include in the Red Book of Soil paleoururbanozemy, having in their composition anthropogenically disturbed cultural layer and formed on the residential archaeological sites, which we studied.
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