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QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE PROTECTION OF NATURAL MINERAL WATER RESOURCES USING A PROCESS-BASED METHOD. CASE STUDY: LOWER CIUC BASIN, ROMANIA
Abstract
The assessment of the vulnerability to pollution/contamination of natural mineral water is of maximum importance for long term exploitation of such a specific aquifer. A physically-based approach on the vulnerability should be based on three factors describing a pollution event, which are, the contaminant transfer time from the hazard location to the protected 'target', the level of contaminant concentration potentially reaching the 'target' and the contamination duration at the 'target' [1]. The main purpose of this research was the quantitative and qualitative protection of natural mineral water resources in the Lower Ciuc Basin (Sancraieni area), Romania, in the frame of integrated management of multiple environmental pressures: andesite aggregates quarry, tailing pond of a former cinnabar (epithermal mineralization of HgS) exploitation. Drilling of shallow exploration boreholes, pumping and injection tests, chemical analyses of collected samples from springs and exploitation/exploration boreholes, sampling and analysing for environmental isotopes as well as integrating all the available data in a geological-hydrogeological conceptual model was developed and described by [2] as a basis for a groundwater flow and transport model. Furthermore a numerical model (using FEFLOW commercial code) was developed in order to emphasize the potential evolution of a point source contaminant (mercury) toward the exploited source(s). In this study a practical aspect of the model was to primarily (or only) asses the transport through the saturated zone (with a reduced number of parameters) than through the unsaturated zone, and hence it adds to a higher safety coefficient. The results have shown that none of the mention potential hazards can directly influence the exploited water-well quality in Sancraeni area.
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