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MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN SOIL MICROBIOME COMPOSITION AND ACTIVITY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC MULCHES
Abstract
Soil organic matter is fundamental for the long-term sustainability of agro-ecosystems. An experiment was conducted on the experimental plot aiming to determine if organic matter represented by mulches with wool wastes and wood chips could induce changes in soil microbial community composition and activity and effects on improvement of soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens from the genus Fusarium. The soil was Technosol and the organic culture of edible roses was planted in 2015. In the summer of 2016 the soil was mulched on the surface with organic mulches represented by wool and wood chips using an unmulched plot as control. Soil sampled in autumn 2016 was analyzed by dilution plate method for the number and composition of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi communities and the level of soil respiration. The organic mulches induced the stimulation of bacterial and fungal population levels and higher species richness diversity with more active metabolic activities reflected in increasing soil respiration. Changes in relative abundance of antagonistic species of fluorescent and nonfluorescent pseudomonads, actinomycetes, sporulating bacteria and Trichoderma viride were responsible for soil suppressiveness against Fusarium pathogen. The mechanisms of pathogen control by Trichoderma viride assayed by co-cultivation revealed both biochemical antagonism and hyperparasitism involved, suggesting the beneficial role of organic mulches.
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