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GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
Abstract
Groundwater represents a vital yet often overlooked source of freshwater, essential for public water supply, agriculture, industry, and maintaining ecosystem functions. In the context of accelerating climate change, overexploitation, and water quality degradation, the sustainable management of groundwater resources is becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study is to analyze current approaches to groundwater governance based on case studies from California, Orange County, the Netherlands, and India, and to propose context-specific solutions applicable to the conditions of the Czech Republic. The research is based on a systematic literature review, comparative analysis of legislative frameworks and technical measures (e.g., Managed Aquifer Recharge, Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage), and evaluation of user participation and institutional capacities. The results demonstrate that effective groundwater management requires a combination of regional planning, technological innovation, and behavioral instruments, supported by robust monitoring systems and transparent data access. Drawing from international best practices, the study proposes a set of integrated measures for the Czech Republic, including the implementation of regional groundwater sustainability plans, support for aquifer recharge projects, deployment of ATES systems in urban areas, participatory water governance at the municipal level, and the digitalization of data management. This comprehensive approach contributes to water security, ecological resilience, and long-term adaptation to climate-related challenges.
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