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MEASUREMENTS OF METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AROUND THE BOREHOLES
Abstract
Methane and carbon dioxide are among the most active of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. Anthropogenic sources have a significant share of their emission into the atmosphere. One of the major sources of emissions of these gases can be exploration activity and operating oil&gas industry. It is associated with the possibility of uncontrolled migration of reservoir gases in the course of work consisting of geological exploration and recognition of hydrocarbon deposits by drilling. In connection with above-mentioned potential treats the paper presents measurements of methane and carbon dioxide emissions within one of the oil-rig conducting drilling aimed at exploring unconventional hydrocarbon deposits with the use of hydraulic fracturing. Emission measurements using the method of static chambers were conducted in three measurement sessions linked with drilling and hydraulic fracturing treatments carried out in horizontal boreholes. In total, the study was carried out in 14 measurements points with 56 gas samples collected from the static chambers. Measurements of methane emissions showed mostly negative values which are in the range of -2.02 to 2.25 [mgВ·m-2В·d-1], indicating the microbial assimilation of hydrocarbons processes occurring in the soil. In contrast, measurements of carbon dioxide emissions have shown a significant increase in the value after the hydraulic fracturing. These values are in the range from 2.78 to 83.98 [gВ·m-2В·d-1]. In the light of the performed studies it has to be said that in the case of recording anomalous concentration of methane and/or carbon dioxide, emission measurements are justified and should be carried out during drilling of the boreholes, after completion of the drilling and after hydraulic fracturing.
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