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GROUND ICE AND ITS- INFLUENCE ON COASTAL EROSION OF KARA SEA REGION, RUSSIAN ARCTIC
Abstract
This work aimed to define when high ice content in permafrost sediments becomes a leading factor of coastal dynamics of Kara Sea region and to determine the place of this parameter among other factors of coastal retreat. For three key sections of the Kara Sea coast (Kharasavey Cape, sites of underwater pipeline crossing of the Baydaratskaya Bay coasts), spatial variability of ground ice distribution was investigated in the field. Changes in ice content and the presence of massive ice (wedge ice, massive ice beds ? a characteristic feature of the region) were studied. Studied coastal sections are also key sites of long-term field monitoring of coastal dynamics, conducted by the Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University since the 1980s. The average annual retreat rates were obtained based on field data and analysis of multitemporal aerospace imagery (from the 1960s till now). At the local level, the presence of ground ice leads to retreat rates about 2 times higher compared to adjacent coastal segments. The greatest retreat rates of ice-rich coasts (2-3 meters per year) were observed in years with a higher sum of positive air temperatures for Kharasavey Cape, west coast of Baydaratskaya Bay, Spindler Cape, Marre-Sale polar station. Climate warming observed in the Arctic is likely to affect primarily ice-rich coasts due to thermal denudation process development leading to their higher retreat rates. The role of ground ice in arctic coasts? dynamics should be assessed only on a local scale. On a regional scale, the contribution of the ice content on coastal retreat rates is offset by the joint action of both hydrometeorological factors of coastal dynamics and features of the coastal structure.
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