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THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL CHARACTERISTICS ON ORGANICALLY CULTIVATED SOYBEAN PRODUCTION, UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE TIMI? RIVER BASIN
Abstract
In the current global food and environmental context, the cultivation of legumes crops is of particular interest, because of the high protein content of the grains for feed, as well as of the ability of these valuable species to fix a high amount of natural nitrogen in the soil. Due to its many agricultural advantages, soybean continues to be one of the most valuable crops cultivated in the world and one of the most important sources of plant protein both for human and animal feed. In Romania, soybean is cultivated mainly in lowland areas, on more fertile soils such as chernozem soils, but the climatic conditions in recent years have led soybean cultivators to look for other areas where rainfall is somewhat higher and more reliable, and temperatures in the summer months are not very high. Thus, the research conducted over the last three years (2022, 2023, 2024) was focused on this kind of natural areas, such as the low plain (bay) zones and high plain zones from the Timi? River Basin. The types of soils characteristic to these geo-climatic zones are alluviosol and luvosol. On this regard, an experiment has been carried out, in which two appreciated varieties of soybean have been organically cultivated, under three different fertilization levels, suitable for organic farming. These areas, from a climatic point of view, are closer to the normal multiannual averages, but the soils are not among the most fertile, however are considered to have good productive potential. The production results obtained, on these two soils, by the organically cultivated soybean varieties Rubin and Livius, in the three experimental years, using three different fertilization levels consisting in poultry manure and other suitable fertilizers, ranged between 1000 kg/ha and 1500 kg/ha, STAS grains, depending on the cultivation variants, the variety and the types of fertilizers applied. The soils where the research was carried out responded favorably to the natural fertilizers applied.
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