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THE EVOLUTION OF POLISH DEPENDENCY IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY RAW MATERIALS SECTOR
Abstract
Energy raw materials that play a crucial role in the economic development of Poland are: crude oil, natural gas as well as lignite and hard coal. The history of mining of the aforementioned raw materials have a complex and long tradition. Historically, Poland was a pioneer and a European leader in crude oil mining which now has only marginal importance in domestic demand. Currently, we are also a witnesses of a decline of hard coal mining which was the basis of the country's energy security for many years. Poland currently consumes approx. 4,500 PJ of primary energy per year, the majority of which being obtained from hard coal and crude oil, and further from natural gas, lignite and renewable sources. As far as coal is concerned, Poland has been relatively self-sufficient for many years, but for the provision of hydrocarbons it remains largely dependent on imports. As a result, crude oil and natural gas have been considered minerals critical for proper functioning of the economy that meet the living needs of the society, being necessary in national defence and security, including energy security. For this reason, activities aimed at diversifying the directions and sources of their supplies have been carried out for years.
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