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THERMODYNAMIC RESEARCH OF THE TRACE ELEMENT SPECIATION IN SEDIMENTS
Abstract
The paper discusses the geochemical forms of some trace elements (As, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb) which were identified in bottom sediments of rivers in different landscape conditions. Sediment types were divided into three groups in depending on the lithology and organic matter content: sandy and sandy-loam, typical for the northern part of the Semba Peninsula; silty-sand and loamy sediments with low (up to 7%) content organic matter (Warmia Upland); loams with high (up to 12%) content of organic matter (Polesskaya Lowland, Neman Delta Lowland). The thermodynamic heterogeneous system "sludge -water-mineral phase" was considered from the point of view of sorption of various forms of metals on ferromanganese nodules and on organic sorbents. For ion-exchange reactions equilibrium constants and Gibbs energies were calculated. The results of the principal component analysis of microelement composition of the bottom sediments allowed to identify elements of the natural geochemical background and technogenic status, which are supplied in river sediments due to active anthropogenesis. Interpretation of results is in progress, but the calculations can be used to understand the complex mechanisms of the behavior of microelements in technologically disturbed areas.
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