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ESTIMATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF DISTURBED LAND RECLAMATION
Abstract
The vast territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), located in permafrost conditions and scattered by impassable roads, creates a serious problem in the energy supply of the population. In this regard, throughout the territory of the republic there are small open-pit mines with a production capacity of 40 to 200 thousand tons of coal per year to meet the needs of local consumers. The advantages of small open-pit mines are the low cost of coal mining, reduction of transport and transshipment costs, provision of affordable energy resources to local consumers and modernization of the regional economy. The work emphasizes the need for reclamation of disturbed lands, its relationship with mining technology, the main development system and the need for simultaneous reclamation of disturbed lands. The analysis of the applied development systems has been carried out, which basically uses continuous development systems with partial external and internal dumping. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the areas of disturbed lands and facilitate their reclamation. The main factor that determines the size of the disturbed area is the overburden ratio Kv. The larger the amount of overburden, the more areas are occupied by the dumps. The analysis of the averaged stripping ratios for small sections of Yakutia is carried out, which shows the change in stripping ratios from 2 to 7 and more for the fields. To assess the effectiveness of the remediation of the worked-out space, an indicator of occupancy (Kz) of the worked-out space was introduced, taking into account the coefficient of loosening (Kp) of the overburden rocks. The filling factor of the mined-out space depends on the volumes of overburden and a layer of a mineral resource or a suite of layers with interlayers. The coefficients of occupancy of the mined-out space of small sections have been determined, which will be taken into account when choosing a technology for reclamation of disturbed lands.
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References12
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