Scholarly record
COMPLEX EVALUATION OF TAILING IMPOUNDMENTS ON EXAMPLE RUDNANY, SLOVAKIA
Abstract
Slovak republic committed to implement into legislative direction of European parliament and European Council 2006/21/ES from March of 15th of 2006. The direction contains conditions about disposal with wastes of mining industry, which changes and adds direction 2004/35/ES. This legislative required creation of complex evaluation methodology of different types of mining wastes. Tailing pond represents area for permanently or temporary deposition of mainly hydraulically consigned mud/sediment (waste). Consigned muds/sediments in tailing ponds could react with water and air oxygen with acidity producing. By these process can be mobilized toxic elements and contaminate immediate or further environment. Main goal of our work is to suggest ant test (on the example Rudňany tailing impoundment) best available methodology. Tailing pond nearby Rudňany (eastern Slovakia) covers area 260 000 m2 with thickness approximately 25m of sediments. Building of the tailing dump started in 1960 and its durability was planned till 1999 with maximal capability of tailing dump 6 553 000 m3. Background creates northwest boundary of Mesozoic carbonates of Spi\vsskogemersk\'e Rudohorie Mts.. These are calcite and dolomite rocks of Slovak Carst joint to Spi\vs basin of Paleogene age. Actual capability of embedded materials is 12 310 000 tons. The mining beginnings in „Rudňany“ aren´t seriously known. Till 70.s of 19.th century mining activities focused on exploitation of ores reach on Cu-Ag. Iron ores were useless for treatment, abandoned in mines, or spilt on waste pills. In 1866 total length of mining objects in Rudňany reached to 30 km lenght. In 1896 -1897 the concentrator and calciner were built. First owens used natural wenting. Elusive gasses caused large vegetation harms. Calcinating owens were equipped by hoods and exhausters. These gases were feed into mercury plant. Hg was acquired here. The calciners were extended during the years, last time in 1940. In 1953 research proved new ore stocks on northern „Rudňany“ veins. From this time amount of mined ores have been lifted, and culminated in 1978 and 1979. In 1992 comes to recession in mining ores, siderite ore done. The production is now focused only in barite.
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