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REMOTE SENSING METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS ON THE EXAMPLE OF KRASNOYARSK CITY

Aleksandra Matuzko

Abstract

The temperature at the Earth?s surface can be estimated by ground-based methods or satellite remote sensing data. Satellite remote sensing is the only means of obtaining longterm homogeneous series of land surface temperature data. The network of ground-based observations usually is quite rare, so it is important to obtain information by remote methods. From the values of the thermal infrared spectral bands, it is possible to determine the radio brightness temperature of the underlying surface. The compilation of temporal temperature series of the land surface is useful for solving a large number of scientific problems. The information obtained during the survey of the Earth in the thermal range can be used in geographic science in two main directions. In the first case, thermal radiation is an indicator of objects, phenomena and processes that are hidden from direct observation, and in the second case, thermal radiation itself, whose importance is important in climate change matters, is of interest. The paper presents the results of investigations the land surface temperature (LST) anomalies in Krasnoyarsk city (Russia) and its suburban area. The urgency of the task is due to the peculiarities of city with a population of more than a million people, which is situated 40km below the hydroelectric power station (HPS) on the Yenisei river. Due to HPS the Yenisei river running through the city does not freeze even in severe winters, when the ambient temperature may fall below ?30В°C, thus acting as a strong heat and evaporation island. Conversely, in summer the river is unusually cold. We used information from Landsat 8 satellite, namely Thermal Infra-Red Sensor (TIRS) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) data, which have 100m and 30m spatial resolution respectively. Ground-based temperature data from the environment protection state regional system for observing the state of the atmosphere in the Earth?s surface layer were also used. The problem of temperature anomalies is typical for all major cities in the world. Space thermal images are a powerful source of information for analyzing and forming temperature anomalies within a single territory. Determination of the nature and boundaries of temperature anomalies will help to understand the causes of the unfavorable ecological situation in Krasnoyarsk city, where, in addition to high industrial emissions, atmospheric processes influence cause impurities to linger and concentrate over the city. To estimate the land surface temperature it?s necessary to define the emissivity. To date, there are a number of different ways to do this. We used the method based on normalized 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2018 vegetative index computation. The main procedure was based on interpretation of Landsat-8 TIR data, with preliminary radiometric and atmospheric correction stage. Ten cloudless scenes during the snowless period from 2013 to 2016 were considered. Based on the results of the study, thermal anomalies of urban area were formed.

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