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AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH FOR PROPPED FRACTURE CONDUCTIVITY
Abstract
The purpose of hydraulic fracturing is to stimulate the well so as to significantly improve its performance. To achieve this, a fracture is created, which is then propped open with a propping agent. The success of this process depends largely on the fracture conductivity, which is the product of the fracture width and the apparent permeability of the proppant within the fracture. After hydraulic fracturing, well productivity is definitely affected by the interaction between the proppants and the fracture surface. As the fracture again closes, the resulting pressure deforms the proppants and embeds them in the surrounding rock, which significantly reduces fracture conductivity. Proppant size, Young?s modulus and Poisson?s ratio of proppant as well as formation, closure pressure are factors which influence proppant embedment and fracture aperture. The change of fracture width and proppant pack permeability can reduce the fracture conductivity from 20 to 300 % with a subsequent reduction in oil, gas or even water production (in geothermal wells). Therefore, it is of importance to investigate and understand the theoretical background of proppant deformation and embedment.
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