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SURFACE AND GROUDWATERS IMPACT ON GEOCEMICAL STABILITY OF SALINE LAKES IN SEMI-ARID LANDSCAPES (KULUNDA LOWLAND, SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA)
Abstract
Saline lakes located on the territory of Kulunda lowlands with semi-arid climate are unique ecosystems, geochemical features of which are constantly under the pressure of intense evaporation. Their hydrological and chemical balance, however, strongly depend on inflow from rainfalls, groundwaters and rivers. Surface and groundwaters of Kulunda lowland are formed under the influence of soda salinization and are characterized by an alkaline environment. The salinity often exceeds 1 g/L and can reach 2.5 g/L. Major ion composition of studied waters as well as saline lakes on the territory is not stable and is highly influenced by precipitation/evaporation balance. Chemical composition of studied rainfalls shows that it strongly depends on the local geochemical features. The majority of surface- and groundwaters are in equilibrium state with carbonate minerals (calcite, barite and siderite) and iron oxides (hematite, magnetite). The equilibrium state of water with such aluminosilicate minerals as gibbsite, kaolinite and K-montmorillonite can indicate the possibility of incongruent dissolution of silicates. The balance of geochemical state of saline lakes and waters on their watershed territories is determined by reciprocal interaction inside water ecosystem: mineral precipitation and dissolution, organic matter degradation, wind erosion, and other processes regulate environment?s pH and Eh values as long as migration and accumulation of chemical elements.
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