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THE PALEOSOLS PROPERTIES OF EARLY IRON AGE KURGAN (2400 YEARS AGO) AND THE CLIMATE OF THE SOUTHERN URALS
Abstract
The paleosols of the kurgan of Early Iron Age (2500 BP, Savtomat culture, Solonchanka-2 kurgan cemetery) were studied. The kurgan was located in the steppe zone of the Transural Plateau, in the Kvarkensky district of the Orenburg region, in the vicinity of the fortified settlement of Alandskoe and Arkaim. The region is well known as ?Country of Cities? due to large amount of archaeological sites of different age. The paleosoil studies of archaeological sites are carried out for many years in the region, as a result the soil evolution and climate changes for the second half of Holocene are well studied. Hoverer, the soil and climate conditions of some historical periods are poorly investigated yet. The middle of first millennium BC is one them. Kurgan was located on the second terrace above the floodplain, at the confluence of the r. Suunduk with its tributary r. Solonchanka. Comparative analysis of the morphological and chemical properties of the 2500 BP buried paleosoil and modern surface soils was carried out. The particle size distribution, organic carbon content, magnetic susceptibility, carbonate and gypsum content, soil salinity and other properties of paleosoil were studied and. For the paleosoil of the Late Savromat period (2500 years ago) a high content of gypsum and easily soluble salts was found. Identified features of the evolution of the soil of the region in connection with the dynamics of climate during the I millennium BC.
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