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DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF WATERTIGHT CONCRETE BASEMENT STRUCTURES
Abstract
Concrete structures exposed to water pressure, such as underground basements, water retaining structures and tunnels, have to be designed as watertight in order to prevent damage due to moisture or water ingress. The design and execution of watertight concrete structures is regulated by guidelines, nevertheless, after execution they may suffer from various failures. The most frequent failure is leakage of ground water through cracks. Major steps in the design process of watertight concrete structures are summarized in a form of a diagram. Subsequently are presented methods for prevention of separation cracks forming in basement members implementing constructive, technological and execution measures. A key parameter of a reliable design and efficient construction of watertight concrete structures is a correct assessment of the hardening phase with respect to parallel stiffness and strength evolution of the concrete. As a rule of thumb, the main problem associated with mass concrete pours is the heat of hydration. However, correct assessment of induced stresses in the concrete requires consideration of adequate boundary conditions. For this reason, a time-dependent analysis of a hardening concrete basement slab is modeled in thermal interaction with the subsoil body, where influence of different subsoil temperature scenarios is investigated. Considering the importance of leaking cracks in terms of serviceability, durability and sustainability, the following contribution analyses the causes and consequences of their occurrence. Thus, the proposed paper with its conclusions may offer an interesting contribution to the better understanding of behavior and reasons of failures of above described reinforced concrete structures.
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