Scholarly record

APPLICATION OF SLOPE MONITORING METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE SLIP SURFACE IN LANDSLIDES

Assia Bozhinova-Haapanen, Dimitar Fotev

Abstract

The paper examines the application of different monitoring methods for slope processes in determining the location and geometry of the slip surface in landslides. An integrated approach is presented, combining field engineering geological reconnaissance, geodetic monitoring of surface displacements, engineering geological and hydrogeological investigations, inclinometer measurements, and penetration tests. The capabilities and limitations of the individual methods in identifying active shear zones and the depth of the slip surface are analyzed. A case study of an active landslide demonstrates that no single method can uniquely determine the position of the slip surface; however, their combined application significantly reduces interpretation uncertainty. Field reconnaissance and geodetic observations provide initial information on the geometry and kinematics of the process, while engineering-geological investigations and laboratory testing refine the lithological structure and identify weak zones. Inclinometer measurements provide direct evidence of the depth and activity of shear surfaces, whereas penetration tests serve as an additional independent indicator of weakened layers. The results show that an integrated monitoring approach enables reliable determination of the slip surface both in plane and in depth, which is essential for slope stability assessment and for the design of effective stabilization measures.

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