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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE STATE SYSTEM FOR REGULATING THE WATER BODIES QUALITY IN THE BAIKAL NATURAL TERRITORY

Irina Ulzetueva

Abstract

The establishment of a special regime of nature management in the Baikal natural territory is the main form of organization of environmental activities and state regulation of the water bodies quality in the Baikal region. At the same time, the rationing of admissible impacts on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal is the main tool for regulating economic and other activities. The implementation of increased requirements in terms of guaranteed preservation of the Lake Baikal water quality was carried out in the period 1964-2014 based on two main approaches. The traditional approach is associated with the application of the most stringent standards stipulated by the national water legislation (fishery MPCs). The regional approach is associated with the development and application of standards for admissible impacts on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal. It is based on limiting negative impacts by prohibiting discharges into Lake Baikal and its inflows of highly toxic and toxic foreign substances, as well as rationing the intake of substances contained in the natural background or moderate toxicity at the level of background concentrations. A brief overview of the main work on establishing standards for the admissible impact on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal showed that the development of relevant standards, primarily aimed to limiting the negative impacts on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal by activities of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill. Therefore, the closing in 2013 of the Baikal pulp and paper mill determines the need for more detailed accounting and rationing of the effects from other industrial facilities, municipal-domestic services, the tourism industry and transport. Despite the fact that a regional approach to environmental regulation has generally formed, the lack of generally accepted results of environmental monitoring and approved methods for rationing of admissible impact on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal make it possible to call in question any projects of relevant standards. Therefore, only the accuracy of the assessment of the ecological state and the validity of calculations of permissible loads remain the main criteria for developing standards of admissible impact on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal throughout the chain: quality standards - standards of admissible impacts - a list of harmful substances.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/3.1/s12.003

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