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BIOCHAR AND ITS COMBINATION TOGETHER WITH MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZATION: EFFECTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP YIELDS
Abstract
Recent research shows that biochar has the potential to improve the chemical, physical and biological properties of soils, which is also reflected in the crops. Because biochar is not a homogeneous material and it often needs to be activated to see its positive effects, it is very important to pay attention to its properties and subsequently to thoroughly verify it in agricultural practice. For this reason, experiments were carried out on two texture different soils (1. Dolna Streda: sandy soil, 2. Velke Ulany: loamy soil), in order to verify the effectiveness of the biochar applied in two doses of 10 and 20 t ha-1 and its combination with other fertilizers: in sandy soil in combination with urea (U) in rate of 100 kg ha-1 and in loamy soil in combination with Italpollina organic fertilizer: (OF) in a dose of 850 kg ha-1. In the sandy soil a statistically significant effect was recorded to increase the SOC content in the B20+U treatment. The application of biochar at both doses and in combination with additional organic fertilization significantly (P < 0.05) increased the SOC content by 26 and 34% compared to the control in the loamy soil. In sandy soil, we recorded a significant increase in soil pH in B10 and B20 by 0.30 and 0.29 pH units, respectively compared to control. In loamy soil, soil pH in B10 and B20 increased by 0.31 and 0.30 pH units, respectively compared to control. The soil sorption capacity was significantly improved in the case of sandy soil, while no significant changes in loamy soil were observed. A significant increase in sunflower seed crop yield (by 174%) was observed in variant B20+U. The highest yield of vegetable - peppers (72.6 t ha-1) grown in loamy soil was achieved after the application of a biochar 10 t ha-1 in combination with additional organic fertilization, whereas the application of a higher dose of biochar in combination with organic fertilization increased crop yield of peppers by 121% compared to control.
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