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HYDROGEN AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL: KEY CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL
Abstract
Rapid growth of world population and economic activities continue to cause the increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. To mitigate GHG emissions and limit global warming, researchers and practitioners around the globe search for clean energy solutions. Many researchers believe that hydrogen (H2), with its high energy density, has a promising potential. Yet, practical implementation of H2-based energy generation faces technical and economic challenges. So far, over 95% of global hydrogen production relies on fossil fuels. Green H2 produced via electrolysis remains 3-5 times more expensive than grey H2 and generates up to 8.5 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) per kg of H2 production. Hydrogen production itself requires substantial energy input, but this could originate from hydroelectric, nuclear power plants, and other renewable energy sources. As a fuel, H2 should be used at the most efficient combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGT) to maximize economic and environmental benefits. Currently, CCGT operating on hydrogen can achieve an electrical efficiency of over 60 %; for H2 fuel cells, this parameter can exceed 80 %. Coordinated efforts are now needed to improve storage and transportation technologies, lower production costs, and establish policies supporting crucial role of hydrogen in sustainable energy transition. The authors offer a view on a topic that is becoming increasingly vital. This article intends to explore ways to use hydrogen as an alternative energy source encouraging readers- interest to investigate further.
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