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ROLE OF THE CALEDONIAN AND VARISCAN OROGENIES IN SHAPING THE EAST EUROPEAN PLATFORM IN POLAND
Abstract
The East European Platform (EEP) in Poland belonged to Baltica plate during Cambrian and Ordovician times. Baltica originated as a result of disintegration of supercontinent Pannotia, which occurred during Early Cambrian. Baltica included part of Poland and adjacent areas northeast of Teisseyre -Tornquist zone. This zone is associated with Teisseyre - Tornquist Line, which ran from Scania through Western Pomerania, central Poland to the Black Sea. The Baltica plate originally included also area south-west from this line. EEP includes also elements of the Avalonia plates. Avalonia probably started to drift from Gondwana and move towards Baltica in the late Tremadocian and was in a drift stage by the Llanvirnian. Between Gondwana, Baltica, Avalonia and Laurentia, a large longitudinal oceanic unit, known as the Rheic Ocean was formed. Avalonia was probably sutured to Baltica by the end of Ordovician or in the Early Silurian. This process was dominated by a strike-slip suturing of the two continents, rather than by full-scale continent-continent collision. Silurian was a time of Caledonian orogeny, closing of Early Paleozoic oceans, collision of Baltica with Avalonia and Laurentia and origin of supercontinent Laurussia. This orogeny caused tectonic deformation in the Holy Cross Mountains and Pomeranian area in Northwestern Poland. The Variscan Orogeny was caused by the collision of Bohemian Massif plates and Protocarpathian terrane with Laurussia. The Protocarpathian terrane acted as an indentor, which caused thrust tectonics of the Eastern European Platform in Holy Cross Mountains and Lublin areas. The Protocarpathian were sutured to the northern (Laurussian) branch of Pangea after Variscan orogeny. The Paleotethys Ocean was located south of this branch.
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