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POTASSIUM HUMATE OBTAINED FROM ORGANIC AND PEAT-HUMIC FERTILIZERS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ECOLOGICAL AND TOXIC ASSESSMENT OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL

В. А. Касатиков, В.А. Раскатов, Л П Степанова, А В Писарева

Abstract

The inter-element relationship between the studied toxic metals shows that heavy metals can also have the same anthropogenic origin, regardless of their sources of origin. The results of the pollution index indicate a moder-ately high level of pollution in the studied territories. A look at the meth-odological assessment of soil quality and environmental monitoring of soil pollution is presented. The article presents the results of small-plot and mi-cro-field experiments of the study of agroecological changes occurring in sod-podzolic sandy loam soil with a high content of heavy metals under the influence of potassium humates extracted from vermicompost and peat-humic fertilizer introduced against the background of aftereffect of urban sewage sludge and dolomite flour. The studies showed a positive effect of sewage sludge, liming and potassi-um humates, both extracted from vermicompost based on sewage sludge and part of peat-humic fertilizers (PHF), on the biogeochemical parameters of ag-rocenosis. Soil processng with potassium humates extracted from vermicompost con-tributed to an increase in the Zc value of mobile forms of heavy metals (HM) in comparison with the background version, especially at a minimum liming dose, and, as a result, an increase in Zc of oats, primarily straw. This dependence is connected with an increase in the non-exchange fixation of HM by Ca-humates, which are formed during processing of calcareous soil of potassium humate and, as a result, a decrease in the migration activi-ty of HM along the soil profile, and an increase in the intensity of HM mi-gration in the soil-plant system. The application of a double dose of PHF leads to a decrease in the mobility of HM based on the values of Zc. This dependence is obviously due to the formation of the connetion of HM with humic acids in the composition of PHF. Under the influence of PHF, the degree of bioavailability of Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni also changes according to their series Kc at a liming dose of 3 t / ha: Pb> Ni> Cu> Cr> Zn> Cd; 6 t / ha: Pb> Ni> Zn> Cd> Cu, which affects the val-ues of Zc in the green mass of lupine, decreasing under the influence of PHF. Humins can stimulate the growth and development of plants in small doses, as well as increase the ecological and economic efficiency of generally accepted technological methods for increasing crop yields and the effectiveness of reclamation of disturbed territories. Humic substances are of the greatest interest due to the high degree of technological production, structural features and application in ultra-low doses.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020v/1.3/s02.26

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