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METHODS OF MAKING OF PERMANENT MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL-MELIORATIVE CONDITIONS OF IRRIGATED MASSIFS (BY EXAMPLE OF AKDALINSKY IRRIGATED MASSIF, KAZAKHSTAN)
Abstract
Kazakhstan is located in the arid zone in the conditions of water supply deficit. Irrigated cropping is the basis of agriculture for its southern regions. Akdalinsky irrigated massif (Almaty region, Kazakhstan) belongs to rice irrigation systems. Their exploitation causes the salinization and contamination of soils and groundwater. Mathematical modeling is the most effective method of solving hydrogeological problems associated with anthropogenic environmental impact. It is advisable to create permanent mathematical models to study the effect of irrigation on the dynamics of hydrogeological-meliorative conditions. This article describes the methods of creation and use of permanent mathematical models of hydrogeological-meliorative conditions of the irrigated areas used for rice cultivation. The methods were tested using the example of the creation of Akdalinsky irrigated massif permanent model. The model is created with the purpose of obtaining operative and long-range forecasts of the hydrogeological-meliorative conditions changes under the effect of agricultural activity. They serve as the basis for providing recommendations for the optimizing the use of land and water resources and reducing environmental damage. The cyclic pattern of the modeling is caused by the periodicity of the main meliorative activities. The cycle includes new data input, model calibration and solution of the problems of hydrogeological-meliorative conditions forecasting changes under the influence of irrigation. The results of modeling have shown that quasi-stationary regime was established on the massif. It is characterized by groundwater levels fluctuations with a period of one year. The main factor influencing the groundwater regime is the spatial distribution of areas occupied by rice. A part of the area of the massif can be exposed to secondary salinization. The proposed methods have proved to be efficient and may be used to create permanent mathematical models of hydrogeological-meliorative conditions of irrigated areas.
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