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THE STRUCTURE OF THE GEOLOGICAL TIME FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE REAL DYNAMIC CYCLES OF THE EARTH
Abstract
Every cyclic geological phenomenon may sugge st a structural image of the geological time. The dynamic cycles with very long periods can characterize the whole geological time, but especially the Precambrian. The cy cles with periods between 4 and 26 Ma are useful for the temporal individualization of th e Phanerozoic and the cycles with a short periods are very representative for Cenozoic. But the Earth’s geological history also provides a good perspective over the cosmic time through a super-mega-cycle (~2.56 Ga) which marks also the geol ogical time. This could reflect the possible pulsations of the Universe and may be responsible for a warm phase (~1.28 Ga) separating the first glaciations of the Earth (till the Huronian gl aciations) and the age of the great terrestrial glaciations which began in Upper Proterozoic. The Vail-Payton megacycles (~362 Ma), allows the first major structural perspectiv e over the geological time. This cycle may reflect the possible mega-pulsations of the Earth. The geological time includes 11 meta- galactic cycles (the last, incomplete). For these cycles ar e visible the effects over the hydrosphere because we have in Phanerozoic a succession of global transgressions and regressions. Another structural level of the geological time is based on the effects of the galactic motion of the Solar System. This determines the succession of the galactic years (~180 Ma), corresponding to different geotectonic cycles of the Earth. The Lower Paleozoic (“Lipalian” inclusive), the Upper Paleozoic and the Mesozoic correspond to the last three complete galactic years. For Precambrian times the metamorphic formations with graphite could indicate th e succession of the ga lactic summers, while the galactic winters co uld be indicated by the tills of th e same interval of time. In Phanerozoic the galactic summers are refl ected by the large accumulations of coals especially known in Carboniferous and Jurassic. A new perspective about the geological time, at least for the Phanerozoic, could be due to the Raup-Sepkoski cycles (~26 Ma, possible pulsations of our Galaxy). A detailed structure of the geological time, for the last 90 Ma years, may be based on the Valach climatic cycle (~4.1 Ma period). It reflects possible pulsations of the Solar System. The warm phases of this cycle determined all coal-generating phases of the Santonian-Pliocene interval. The Quaternary Ice Age is practica lly the last cold phase of this cycle. During the last galactic winter (K/T boundary) is clearly the mitigation of the warm phases of the Valach cycle. For Pliocene and Quaternary the geological time is very well structured by the short cycles of orbital eccentricity (~100,000 years). The cold phases of these cycles determined the glacial phases of the Quaternary. It is useful also the period of the old precessional cycle (14,000 years), evident in the 120 – 40 Ka BP interval. The last cycle which can be considered in this contex t is the cycle of “mini-glaciations” (~1,000 years). It leads to a good structural image at least for Holocene. 11th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2011 www.sgem.org International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2011 306
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