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FLORISTIC AND PHYTOSCOLOGIC VARIETY OF MID-FIELD SWAMPS IN EASTERN POLAND
Abstract
Wetlands, in the transformed agricultural landscape, play an important role in preserving and enriching biodiversity. The study covered 35 mid-field wetlands. Floristic and phytosociological investigations allowed us to determine the species composition of the plant communities present in the analysed wetlands. The mapping of existing plant communities was performed on each studied object. A route method was used to determine the ranges of plant patches using the GPS location system. Within the scope of each identified community, homogeneous places were designated, according to commonly used Braun-Blanquet method. The cover of species in each phytosociological relev?s was given according to the Braun-Blanquet scale. Plant species were recorded during the spring and summer from 2012 to 2014 at each location in 25m2 plots. The studied wetlands were characterized of a large diversity of plant communities, and the most valuable were phytocenoses: Molinietum caeruleae, Sphagno-Caricetum rostratae, Caricetum davallianae, Sphagnetum magellanici, Eriophoro-Sphagnetum and Betulo-Salicetum repentis. There were numerous stands of rare species of plants, for example Ostericum palustre, Liparis loeselii, Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum, Carex davalliana, Salix lapponum and Betula humilis. There were also habitats from Annex I of the Natura 2000 Habitats Directive. Among the serious threats of the studied wetlands, drainage, pollution of waters, overgrowing with bushes and trees were distinguished. The conducted research has shown the optimal directions of activities to protect the biodiversity of these valuable natural areas.
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