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EVALUATION OF TRANSPORT NOISE BASED ON MODEL ACOUSTIC CALCULATIONS USING GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS
Abstract
The paper dwells on examining and testing a mechanism for determining exposure to transport noise followed by dividing an area of a large industrial city with population exceeding 1 million people into specific zones as per health risk criteria. Noise spread was modeled with ?Ecolog-NOISE? specialized software basing on a vector map of the city and using geoinformation systems. To create a database on transport noise sources, the authors collected and analyzed data on traffic intensity on city motorways. Basing on traffic intensity and structure, equivalent noise level was calculated for each section in motorways networks. Noise evaluation took into account a list of new motorways and city districts. Acoustic calculations allowed for specific features of the existing urban design (predominantly 5-14 floor apartment blocks) and prospect ones to be developed in the future (14-30 floor apartment blocks). Acoustic exposure was calculated taking into account model acoustic calculations obtained for city transport moving on more than 2 thousand sections in motorways networks. Calculation results were verified with results obtained via instrumental research performed near motorways and in ?acoustically silent? zones taking into account contributions made by railway transport and aircrafts. Aggregated weighted average exposure to noise gave grounds for calculating expected health risks for people living along motorways, both for the existing and future situation. Occurring risks were mapped. Risk assessment allowed revealing that unacceptable health risk caused by exposure to transport noise given as reduced health risk index occurred in central streets in the city (Lenina street, Komsomolskiy avenue, Kosmonavtov highway, etc.). The paper also contains certain recommendations on activities aimed at reducing health risks in zones in the city where the problems are the most acute.
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