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HYDROCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Abstract
At present there is an intensive growth of rivers? water use, which results in deterioration of water quality and hydrological regime. Small rivers are regulators of water regime of landscapes, maintain equilibrium and redistribution of moisture, as well as determine the hydrological and hydrochemical specificity of medium and large rivers. Drying, silting and disappearing of small rivers are the result of anthropogenic activity and climate change. Monitoring researches of surface water quality of small rivers is an actual instrument for environmental assessment of its state. Purpose is an environmental assessment of the status of small rivers surface water. Objects are small rivers Bist, Franzenbach and Rossel (Germany). Subject of research is phosphate?s content in small rivers surface water. Monitoring data were processed using software MS Excel. Surface water quality assessment was done by correlation dependences which were defined using the CORREL. Specific characteristics of small rivers are outlined. Hydrochemical indicators of surface water quality are generalized. Such indicators of surface water quality as total phosphorus and phosphates were selected for the research, due to the urgency of the problem of monitoring studies of phosphate content in environmental objects due to anthropogenic activity. The dependencies between total phosphorus and phosphates are analyzed. The main sources of phosphorus connections to surface water and the effects of their high content in water are shown. It is determined that there are correlation relations between the analyzed indicators of water quality of small rivers. The correlation between the two parameters is shifted toward ?+1?, which characterizes the high dependence. There are periods when the correlation value is non-typical, has a negative value and approaches ?-1?. This is due to certain weather conditions and the washing of chemicals from the fields. Thus, during these periods a reduction in the content of total phosphorus and an increase in phosphates can be observed. This dependence is related to the supplying of various types of fertilizers (which include compounds of phosphorus) from the fields due to strong precipitation. The use of correlation analysis determines the exact probable dependencies between the investigated parliaments. Analysis of the dependencies of total phosphorus and phosphates showed a close relationship between these indicators (about ?+1?). The correlated calculation was carried out every 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours. The periods of abnormal dependencies between parameters have been explained by comparison with the weather conditions.
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