Scholarly record

NANOSTRUCTURAL PEROSTROVSKITE FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS

Aiman Kemelzhanova, Gulsara Zhamanbayeva, Anvar Zakhidov, Venera Kurmangaliyeva, Elmira Temirgaliyeva

Abstract

The main purpose of the research is investigating approaches of nanostructural perovskite obtaining. We used wide known methods, which used for studying microstructure and electronics properties such as atom-force and scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction method. Halide perovskites have emerged recently as promising materials for many applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Recent studies of their optical properties suggest many novel opportunities for a design of advanced nanophotonic devices due to low-cost fabrication, high values of the refractive index, existence of excitons at room temperatures, broadband bandgap tunability, high optical gain and nonlinear response, as well as simplicity of their integration with other types of structures. This paper provides an overview of the recent progress in the study of optical effects originating from structured perovskites, including their potential applications. Also, based on perovskites, LEDs can be created due to their excellent luminescent properties. Perovskite-based LEDs can be made in the long wavelength range, in total visible radiation, in this spectrum it will almost not depend on the size of the elements, but only on the properties of the material itself. The ability of perovskites to absorb light is also used to make effective photodetectors. This class of materials revolutionized the field of photovoltaics, where on the basis of it the efficiency level of 23.3% has already been achieved, which approaches much more expensive analogs based on silicon. Also, based on perovskites, LEDs can be created due to their excellent luminescent properties. Perovskite-based LEDs can be made in the wavelength range of all visible radiation, and the spectrum will almost not depend on the size of the element, but only on the properties of the material itself. The ability of perovskites to absorb light is also used to make effective photodetectors. It has recently become clear that from the point of view of nanophotonics, perovskite is of considerable interest. Perovskite-based nanostructures are cheap to produce, they have high refractive indices, which allows localizing light and controlling it at the nanoscale, and excitons are also observed at room temperature. In addition, this material is conveniently combined with other types of nanostructures to obtain new optical effects. The optical characteristics can simply be varied by changing the X - anion, due to the dependence on the valence and conduction bands of APbX3, lead halide materials with ionic binding strength decreasing in the sequence Pb-Cl <Pb-Br <Pb-I in accordance with the electronegativity halogens. In the non-transmission zones for MAPbX3 where one type of halogen atom takes place X is very different: 3.09 (X = Cl), 2.32 (X = Br) and 1.7 eV (X = I), but are similar to CsPbX3: 3.0 (X = Cl) [14], 2.39 (X = Br) and 1.73 eV (X = I). For MAPbX3, this corresponds to the peak emission and the start of absorption near 400, 530 and 730 nm, respectively. In addition, emission and absorption peaks can be adjusted by incorporating stoichiometric mixtures of two halides. Such mixtures, for example, MAPb (I1-xBrx), where 0 ? x? 1, were shown to be able to adjust the band gap, and therefore the peak of radiation and the beginning of absorption, to an arbitrary value between the limit of cases.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/4.1/s17.015

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