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LANDSCAPE URBANISM - TRANSFORMATION AND MODERNIZATION OF THE CITIES
Abstract
The story of the evolving development of urban-landscape theory, planning, and design is like the evolving perceptions and advancing knowledge in mathematics, anthropology, geography, and ecology. In the mid-90s, the theory of landscape urbanism appeared in the West, according to which the structure of cities is determined by landscape factors more than architecture. Landscape urbanism describes "the ability to produce urban planning effects traditionally achieved through the construction of buildings, simply through the organization of horizontal surfaces." Attuned to developments in the natural sciences, landscape urbanism’s conception of ecology is that nature is not directed toward a state of harmonic equilibrium but that it involves more open-ended processes of self-organization and indeterminacy as described by chaos theory. Landscape urbanism therefore engages time as well as space. It emphasizes the reciprocal creativity of the natural and cultural worlds, conflating the two into a hybrid that is in turn subject to continual evolution. Landscape urbanism has far less faith in controlling urban dynamics, but it shares with smart growth an interest in engaging processes rather than superimposing forms. Currently, landscape urbanism is one of the important directions for improving urban planning structures by transforming the existing landscape in order to improve and increase the comfort of the corresponding recreation areas for the population. Landscape urbanism is a new approach in the design and planning of open spaces, where the landscape structures the urban environment with appropriate functional zoning, identification of boundaries and the main core.
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