Scholarly record

THE EVOLUTION OF THE EXTENT OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE SOIL DEPENDING ON THE ROTATION AND THE DOSE OF FERTILIZERS TO CULTURE OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM

Liliana MIRON, Georgeta BELENIUC, Corina Gavat, Elena DOROFTEI

Abstract

Agriculture seeks to accommodate the needs of quality, the cultivation of land in harmony with the environment, respecting the life and the balance of the ecosystems. In this context the aims of our work were to contribute to the strengthening of the aspects related to the influence of the rotation and fertilizing purposes with nitrogen on the content in nutrients of the soil, of the elements of the fertility and the production of triticum wheat. Also has proposed to achieve a summary report on the experiments of long duration on the rotation and fertilizers with nitrogen on the constant background of phosphorus on a type of ground considered with great potential of production (chernozem) in Dobrogea region and tried to argue the care which must give a land and the need for finding a solution scientific advice, the application of agricultural practices based on the most advanced knowledge in the field of technologies, especially of those viable ecological, methods by which reduce the environmental degradation. Experiments carried out in our country during the past two decades, relating to the degree of weed in relation to the type of rotation, shows that the crop rotation is still one of the agrophytotechnical measures very effective in combating weed control. The experience was based on the randomized blocks method, with the following factors: factor A - crop rotation with 4 graduations: a1 - monoculture, a2 - rotation 2 years wheat - maize, a3 - rotation 3 years wheat - corn - soybean, a4 - rotation 4 wheat - sugar beet - corn - sunflower; factor B - different doses of nitrogen with 5 graduations, on a constant background of phosphorus. In wheat they evolved as follows: b1 - N0; b2 - N60; b3 - N120; b4 - N180; b5 - N120 + 10 t manure. The soil reaction remained poorly alkaline, ranging from 7.7-8.0, regardless of the pre-plant or the nitrogen dose used. The experience was placed on the slaughter in S.C.D.A. Valu's Trajan, which comprised 3 large sole: a ground where the four-stationary rotation was located since 1983; two soils alternating four-year-old sola with four turns. An experimental parcel had a total area of 50 m2 and the harvest area of 20 m2. The obtained results revealed a high humus content ranging from 2.71 to 3.79 recorded in the 3-year rotation by fertilization with doses from N0 to N120 + 10 t of manure. The highest nitrogen content in soil is up to 0.132% in the 3-year rotation, even when no nitrogen fertilizer has been applied. Applying nitrogen-free phosphorus causes in monoculture an imbalance, unfavorable to plant nutrition. The content of potassium in the soil had high values (180-344 ppm) irrespective of the rotation and the applied nitrogen dose, and no further fertilization is required.

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