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NONADDITIVE PARAMETERS OF ARCTIC AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
Abstract
The northern polar region is under the influence of cold temperatures, increasing the effect of snow Arctic aquatic ecosystems affected by climate warming as well as human impact. Different scenarios of climate change show a possibility of temperature increase on 1-2?C and more depending of CO2 emission accounting. All global models give significant valuation to the Arctic exactly. Aquatic ecosystems take several parameters that allow to save their inner stable state and resilience. According to water physical parameters and talik occurrence, lake thermic regime does not change immediately. Reaction of the water body will be noticed in several years rather decades. Water temperature, talik, thermoerosion and morphometric parameters are nonadditive parameters of aquatic ecosystems that means not parameters summarizing of a system?s parts. A new system will not have simple composition of parameters of their parts, a new system has new list of parameters. Arctic ecosystems are quite sensitive but a long ice-covering period does not allow to change trophic status as quickly as air temperature inclines. Anthropogenic impact deficiency to sediment deposits with a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) between water and lacustrine sediments give possibility of an active ecosystem self-cleaning. CEC parameter has sometimes volume as humus soil. Additionally, a long ice-covering period is ?training? the system in winter; organisms are available to live in anoxic conditions for a short period under a spring convection. Therefore, trophic status could be also consider as nonadditive parameter. This paper will based on field measurements of Arctic lakes on Yamal, the Lena River delta, Kola peninsula, and Svalbard.
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