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GEOECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPORARY CHANGES IN THE SPECIAL COMPOSITION OF KARELIA FORESTS
Abstract
The results of a study of the dynamics of anthropogenic transformation of the species composition of the forests of Karelia using GIS technologies are presented in the article. The main object of research is the forests of the Karelian basement lake-taiga plain (eastern part of the Baltic crystalline shield). A quantitative analysis of changes in the species composition of forests in historical time was carried out for the first time. Retrospective, cartographic, comparative, historical and geographical sections of the methods were used to carry out the study. The relevance of the study is to create a new methodology of historical-geo-ecological orientation, using GIS - technologies. To carry out this survey, it is necessary to have the results of historical and geographical periodization and regionalization in the specified region, which were prepared by us earlier. The study included five main stages: 1) a scheme of historical and geographical zoning of the Karelian region was created on the basis of historical and geographical periodization; 2) multi-temporal maps of the vegetation cover: restored vegetation (by a time slice about 1000 years ago), a map of the vegetation cover 50 years ago (1970-80s); a map of modern vegetation was compiled for a part of the Onega Lake basin by means of decoding satellite images of 2013; they were prepared for overlay; 3) the scheme of historical and geographical zoning was superimposed on each of the listed vegetation maps; 4) the nature of the distribution of the species composition of forest vegetation over a specific chronological section and their presentation in the form of bar charts was established for each historical and geographical province; 5) analysis of the diagrams of changes in the species composition of vegetation by provinces and regions, made it possible to quantify the size of the loss of coniferous forest area over historical time. Quantitative data on the degree to which a person transforms the forest landscapes of the Karelian region by three time sections - 1000 years ago, 50 years ago and on a modern chronological section, using geographic information systems made it possible to judge the period of the largest anthropogenic load on specific development cores within the Onega Lake basin for historical time. These circumstances help to explain what events in the nature management of the region this was associated with.
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