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GALVANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF IRON LIGNOSULFONATE AND ITS ANTICHLOROSIS EFFECT WHEN GROWING LUPINE ON CALCAREOUS SOIL
Abstract
The area of calcareous soils is about 1/3 of all agricultural land. The availability of iron for plants on them is decreased which leads to a decrease in yield due to chlorosis. Synthetic agents are used to eliminate iron deficiency, many of which are expensive and resistant to biodegradation. Lignosulfonates are a unique type of technical lignins which are formed during sulfite pulping. Lignosulfonates form complexes with various metals and the presence of sulfo groups gives them solubility in an aqueous medium at different pH values. In this study, the synthesis of iron lignosulfonates was carried out by galvanochemical method which allowed to avoid the introduction of foreign ions into the soil. For comparison, lignosulfonates and lignosulfonic acids obtained by decationization of lignosulfonates were used. Metallic iron in contact with the material acting as the cathode of a short-circuited galvanic pair gradually dissolves in solution. The effects of the duration and temperature on the anodic dissolution of iron were studied under dynamic conditions. It is shown that anodic dissolution occurs in a solution of lignosulfonic acids about 4 times more efficiently than in a solution of lignosulfonates. Vegetation studies were carried out by growing lupine on artificially created calcareous soil. The plants were processed using the non-root method with solutions of synthesized iron lignosulfonates. It is shown that such treatments lead to the normalization of photosynthesis and increase yields. Unlike synthetic chelating agents, iron lignosulfonates are biodegradable and environmentally friendly.
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