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POLLUTION OF SOILS AND WATER AND THE NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AS A RESULT OF THE MINING AND PROCESSING OF MANGANESE ORES
Abstract
Addressing environmental issues is related to the scientific, economic, social, and political issues of a particular country. Human impact on nature is increasingly strong to equal to the action of natural factors, resulting in an imbalance of forces between society and nature. Day by day, pollutants accumulate in some or other environmental object, some of which do not take part in the natural cycle and accumulate in the biosphere, causing adverse ecological consequences. Mining industry plays a special role in the formation of technogenic relief. The technogenic impact, unlike other anthropogenic factors, leads to the pollution of large areas of terrain and water resources and their complete transformation. A typical example of this is the area of development of the Chiatura manganese deposit, where the relief is subject to radical changes with complete destruction of the soil and vegetation cover. Manganese is mainly mined by open-pit method, while the Kvirila River is constantly polluted during ore dressing. The content of manganese ore in the River is 10 to 12%. The waste rock accumulated following ore mining have formed hills, short ridges and embankments with the relative heights of over 10-30 m. However, sometimes, the relative heights of the hills and ridges formed by the accumulation of waste rocks on landfills exceeds 100 m. Their erosive processes pose additional risks of environmental pollution. The dispersion of chemical elements during the production process is often uncontrolled. As a result, technogenic aerosols may be released into the atmosphere, and soils, open water bodies, and rivers may be polluted by industrial wastes. The field and laboratory studies have established that, along with manganese, other heavy metals such as copper, nickel, zinc, and others pollute the environment.
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References6
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Kalandadze B. Impact of the Chiatura manganese mine on soils - an assessment analysis, NDI, 2018
Instructions for the Population Affected by Manganese Mining, Green Alternative, Tbilisi, 2010
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