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ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION EFFECTIVENESS OF THE KYIV-PECHERSK LAVRA TERRITORY BASED ON LONG-TERM HYDROGEOLOGICAL MONITORING
Abstract
The extensive network of engineering protection of the territory of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra against the impact of hazardous processes (landslides, flooding) includes more than 5 km of retaining walls (brick, concrete, pile-based) and about 12 km of drainage networks (tunnel, gallery, and radial types). The effectiveness of the drainage adit systems (DAS) on the Upper Lavra and the radial drainage on the territory of the Guest Yard (Inn Courtyard) of the Lower Lavra was analyzed. The paper proposes an assessment of the efficiency of drainage adit systems according to such criteria as the specific flow rate q (m3/day) and the specific removal of sediments v (m3/year) into the tunnel, the efficiency is determined as poor (q=0.001...0.02, v=0.11...0.2), sufficient (q=0.021...0.1, v=0.017...0.1), or high (q=0.11...0.5, v=0.011...0.016). Patterns of groundwater supply, the lithological composition of the transported material, exogenous geological processes occurring in drainage areas, the amount of groundwater flow reaching the surface, and technical aspects of drainage system were analyzed. The results were obtained based on the analysis of the measured flow rates and data on sediment removal from 1980 to 1990. The efficiency of DAS-28 is assessed as sufficient and high. The effectiveness of radial drainage is measured as the flow rate of groundwater levels in monitoring boreholes and the reduction of moisture content in building structures. On the territory of Guest Yard, as a result of the work of radial drainage, the groundwater levels in monitoring boreholes dropped by 0.6-0.9 m, the moisture content of masonry walls reached the control level (4-6 %), periodic flooding with meltwater stopped. Monitoring observations for 2006-2023 were analyzed as well.
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