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CHEMOMETRIC PROFILE OF WHITE AND RED WINES FROM DIFFERENT AREAS OF ROMANIA
Abstract
In this research, we studied wines from eleven wine regions of Romania (Stefanesti, Dragasani, Dealul Mare, Minis, Blaj, Babadag, Focsani, Tarnave, Silagiu, Iasi, Cotnari), but also for two years of different production (2019 and 2021), to observe their chemometric profile according to the geographical origin. The chemical composition was determined for 40 white wines and 34 red wines. The studied chemical parameters were alcohol concentration, wine density, total acidity, free and total sulfur dioxide, non-reducing dry extract, glucose and fructose, pH, organic acids (tartaric acid, malic and lactic) and macro-elements - calcium, potassium, copper, iron, nitrogen primary aminic and nitrogen ammonia. There are differences between the wine varieties on geographical areas, the alcoholic concentration has values ranging from 10.22-15.7% the lowest values are observed in white wines from the Iasi wine center, the total acidity has values ranging from 4.37-7.6 g/l tartaric acid, and the high values are found in the Blaj wine center for red varieties (Burgund - 7.11 g/l tartaric acid), but also to a specific variety Riesling de Rihn (9.25 g/l tartaric acid) from Dragasani vineyard. A good correlation is also observed between the geographical area and the pH. Principal component analysis (PCA) and related methods were used in order to achieve discrimination, classification and correlation of wines by geographical areas and varieties.
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