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FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH AZOV SEA REGION

L. I. Polyakova

Abstract

Formation of anthropogenous forest landscapes in the territory of North Azov Sea region can subdivide into 4 stages: The 1st stage ? (the Cenozoic ? the XIV century) ? formation of natural forest and forest-steppe landscapes of the region. The 2nd stage (the XIV-XVIII century) ? the beginning of large-scale data of forests the nomadic people (construction of dwellings, deforestation for the purpose of creation of pastures and a plowed land), occupying the territory of the region of research. The 3rd stage (the XVIII-XIX centuries) ? formation of artificial silvicultural landscapes of area (a laying of large forests ? forest areas: Altagirsky and Berdyansk plantations), because of sharp shortage of wood for economic activity of the person. 19 ? the beginning of the 20th century is characterized by the beginning of afforestation in the North Azov Sea region and its distribution across the territory. Various people living in the considered territory were engaged in afforestation. One of leading roles in it was played by Mennonites. Already in the early years of Mennonites at the Molochna River at some colonies were planted public plantations of mulberry trees. However, they were lost because of little time to look after and the harsh winter of 1812» And subsequent attempts to create public plantations failed. «Review of the state of the colonies in the Department of Ekaterinoslavska bureau foreign settlers in 1829» testified the absence of public fruit plantations, forest and mulberry trees at Mennonite Molochna District. Unsuccessful experience of social forestation in the early years of Mennonites on the river Molochna led to the cultivation of forest trees on private farmsteads. Forest trees, are widely used in households of Mennonites in the initial period of stay in the Molochna river were willow and mulberry, as evidenced by the statement of the number of trees of forest species in the Mennonites colonies at Molochna. The positive experience of growing trees forest trees on personal farmsteads Mennonites led attempts to return to the organization of public plantations. This was facilitated by visiting Molochna Mennonites in 1825 by Emperor Alexander I, who expressed a desire to be «established plantations, especially of American acacias, very successful in those places growing at ? des. on the owner». In the early 1830-s at Mennonite colonies has begun an active organization of public forest plantations. For these purposes, Mennonites were founded «Society for the dissemination of forestry, sericulture and winery» In the colonies were allocated areas in which each owner had planted 0.5 des of forest trees. Development of afforestation was promoted by its positive influence on character of a natural situation (temperature condition, moistening, etc.), possibility of development of economy (silkworm breeding), strengthening of a landscape variety.

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DOI resolver: doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/5.2/s20.049

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