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DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING THE TITANIUM TRICHLORIDE
Abstract
Proposed within the framework of the conducted study were options for producing the titanium trichloride, a precursor for the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to produce dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Optimal concentrations of the initial titanium tetrachloride solution were identified, which have a major effect on the reduction process and the stability of resulting titanium trichloride solutions. Possible synthesis and destruction mechanisms of the titanium trichloride under the influence of various process factors were presented (temperature, concentration of solutions). It was found that, when the solution is overheated above 80-90 ?, processes of the titanium trichloride decomposition are intensifying, including the hydrolysis reactions and the oxidation with the atmospheric oxygen. Investigated and characterized was the process of the electrochemical reduction of aqueous solutions of the titanium tetrachloride, while using soluble aluminum electrodes. Data on the titanium trichloride synthesis during the dissolution process of aluminum granules at a suspended temperature (thermal synthesis) were presented. It was identified that the degree of the TiCl4/TiCl3 conversion is about 30-32 % of the initial amount of titanium tetrachloride and is independent of the type ofrecovery process (thermal or electrochemical). The optimal concentration of the initialsolution, corresponding to the maximum conversion and ensuring the maximum stabilityof resulting solutions, is 10 (25)-40 wt% for the electrochemical and the thermalsynthesis, respectively. The optimum current for the electrochemical synthesis process is10 A/dm2. A hypothesis for the possibility of increasing the conversion efficiency(winning of the titanium trichloride) was formulated, when arranging for a reactionmixture’s cooling circuit. While analyzing the data on the theoretical and practical reducerflow (aluminum) required for the process of the titanium trichloride synthesis, anassumption of the reaction behavior of forming the aluminum hydroxychlorides wasformulated. Alternative areas for the use of prepared solutions were proposed, includingthe production of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst (vinyl polymerization), as well as waste watertreatment processes of various origin.
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